North American Species of Crepidotus

Subgenus Dochmiopus

In Kavina, Atlas des champ. de l'Europe 4: 12. 1948.

Spores longer than broad (ellipsoid, fusoid, phaseoliform); clamp connections present.

TYPE SPECIES: Crepidotus variabilis (Fr.) Kummer.

Key to Sections

1. Pleurocystidia present	Section *Cystiodiosi*
1. Pleurocystidia absent	2
2. Pileus surface colored, or with colored fibrils, at least when young (for yellowish species, see next choice)	Section *Fulvidi*
2. Pileus white to pallid or finally yellowish or ochraceous	3
3. Spores phaseoliform in profile	Section *Phaseoli*
3. Spores of different shape	4
4. Spores fusoid in face view, inequilateral in side view	Section *Fusisporae*
4. Not as above	5
5. Spores smooth under oil-immersion lens	Section *Betulae*
5. Spores ornamented under oil-immersion lens	6
6. Spores typically 6 µ, or less in length	Section *Dochmiopus*
6. Spores 6.5 µ or more in length	Section *Crepidotellae*

Section Cystidiosi sec. nov.

Pleurocystidia et cheilocystidia adsunt.

Both pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia present.

TYPE SPECIES: Crepidotus albatus.

1. Stipe present, conspicuous	2
1. Stipe absent; or, if present, inconspicuous and soon disappearing	4
2. Pileus orange or orange-brown; lamellae pale orange-yellow	*C. pseudoflammeus*
2. Pileus and lamellae of other colors	3
3. Pileus pinkish-buff to grayish-clay, with brown, incrusted erect hyphae	*C. haustellaris*
3. Pileus brown, with colorless or pale fuscous, non-incrusted hyphae	*Pleuroflammula puberula**
4. Pileus white, at least when dry	5
4. Pileus colored	6
5. Spores 6-8 x 4-5.5 µ, punctate	*C. albatus*
5. Spores 7-9 (10) x 4.5-6 µ smooth	*C. fragilis*
6. Spores 5-7 µ long, ovoid; pileus "picric yellow" or "antimony yellow"	*C. luteicolor*
6. Spores 7-9 (10) µ long	7
7. Pileus "cinnamon buff"; spores drop-shaped or pyriform, punctate	*C. rainierensis*
7. Pileus white when dry, grayish to brownish when wet; spores ellipsoid to ovoid, smooth	*C. fragilis*

*See Excluded Species

Section Fulvidi sec. nov.

Pileus coloratus, velfibrillas brunneas gerens.

Pileus colored, or with colored fibrils (for yellowish or ochraceous species, see next choice); clamp connections present.

TYPE SPECIES: Crepidotus kauffmanii sp. nov.

1. Spores 10-14 µ long	2
1. Spores shorter	3
2. Pileus tawny; lamellae very distant; stipe present, eccentric	*Phaeomarasmius distans**
2. Pileus dark brick-red; lamellae distant; stipe none	*Phaeomarasmius rufolateritius**
3. Pileus glabrous, or appearing so	4
3. Pileus fibrillose	5
4. Spores 4-5.5 x 3-4.5 µ, distinctly warty	*Pyrrhoglossum pyrrhus**
4. Spores (5.5) 6.5-8.5 x 4.5-5.5 (6)	*C. payettensis*
5. Pileus reddish-orange, zinc orange, ochraceous-tawny	6
5. Pileus of other colors	7
6. Spores 5-7 x 2.3-3 µ, cylindric-allantoid, pink in deposits	*Phyllotopsis nidulans**
6. Spores 6.5-8 (9) x 4.5-6 (7) µ broadly ellipsoid or subovoid, brown in deposits	*Pleuroflammula flammea**
7. Spores (5) 5.5-7 (8) µ long	8
7. Spores 7.5-9 (10-11) µ long	10
8. Pileus fawn, tawny-olive, to light buff, with dense avellaneous to light vinaceous cinnamon, incrusted fibrils	*C. kauffmanii*
8. Pileus otherwise colored, bearing white, non-incrusted fibrils	9
9. Stipe present; spores 5.3-6 x 4-5 µ, smooth	*Melanotus eccentricus**
9. Stipe absent; spores 6-8 x 4-5 µ, punctate	*C. roseibrunneus*
10. Spores subreniform; pileus 25-75 mm broad	*C. paxilloides*
10. Spores not as above; pileus smaller	11
11. Spores elongated drop-shaped; pileus "cinnamon buff"	*C. rainierensis*
11. Spores ellipsoid	12
12. Spores smooth; stipe present	*C. haustellaris*
12. Spores punctate; stipe absent	*C. hamulatus*

*See Excluded Species

Section Phaseoli sec. nov.

Sporae phaseoliformes vel subphaseoliformes in obliquam.

Spores phaseoliform to sub-phaseoliform in profile.

TYPE SPECIES: Crepidotus phaseoliformis.

1. Only one species known to date.

C. phaseoliformis

Section Fusisporae sec. nov.

Sporae fusoideae.

Spores fusoid.

TYPE SPECIES: Crepidotus fusisporus.

1. Epicuticular hyphae straight	2
1. Epicuticular hyphae crooked or coiled	5
2. Spores (7) 8.5-12 µ long; on Abies	*C. fusisporus* var. *abietinus*
2. Spores (6) 7-9 (10) µ long; on hardwood	3
3. Cheilocystidia 29-60 x 3-16 µ	*C. fusisporus* var. *longicystis*
3. Cheilocystidia 19-45 µ long	4
4. Cheilocystidia contorted (crooked, forked, or knobbed)	*C. fusisporus* var. *anomalus*
4. Cheilocystidia not contorted (straight)	*C. fusisporus* var. *fusisporus*
5. Cheilocystidia contorted	*C. fusisporus* var. *rameus*
5. Cheilocystidia not contorted	*C. fusisporus* var. *simplex*

Section Betulae sec. nov.

Sporae planae.

Spores smooth.

TYPE SPECIES: Crepidotus betulae Murr.

1. Taste very bitter at once	*C. amarus*
1. Taste mild or not distinctive	2
2. Spores with a germ-pore	3
2. Spores lacking a germ-pore	8
3. Veil present; pileus chrome-yellow	*Pleuroflammula dussii**
3. Veil lacking	4
4. Cuticle a gelatinous zone	*Melanotus psychotriae**
4. Cuticle not gelatinous: gills purplish-violaceous	5
5. Pileus avellaneous to isabelline or pinkish cinnamon	6
5. Pileus white, whitish, or with ochraceous tints	7
6. Spores 7-9 x 5-6 µ	*Melanotus subcuneiformis**
6. Spores 5-6 x 4-5 µ	*Melanotus eccentricus**
7. Pileus lightly appressed-fibrillose to subglabrous; cheilocystidia 6-11 µ broad	*Melanotus flavolivens**
7. Pileus glabrous or slightly pruinose; cheilocystidia 3-4 µ broad	*Melanotus fumosifolius**
8. Cuticle a gelatinous zone	9
8. Cuticle non-gelatinous	10
9. Pileus 4-13 cm broad; gills purplish-brown when bruised	*C. maximus*
9. Pileus (2)10-24 mm broad; gills unchanging when bruised	*C. betulae*
10. Spores 7-9.5 (10.5) µ long	11
10. Spores 4.5-7 (8) µ long	13
11. Pileus pure white and remaining so when dried	*C. occidentalis*
11. Pileus darkening on being dried	12
12. Lamellae crowded; cuticle well-developed; basidia 26-38 x 6-8 µ	*C. antillarum*
12. Lamellae subdistant or distant; cuticle not differentiated; basidia 16-24 x 5-6 µ	*C. lundellii*
13. Stipe present and persisting	*C. amarus*
13. Stipe absent, or, if present, soon disappearing	14
14. Pileus ochraceous, margin strongly crenate-sulcate	*C. pecten*
14. Pileus white or whitish, margin not as above	15
15. Spores 6-8.5 x 4.5-5.5 µ	*C. lundellii*
15. Spores 4.5-5.5 (7) x 3.5-4.5 µ	16
16. Pileus glabrous; cheilocystidia 20-35 µ long	17
16. Pileus silky-fibrillose; cheilocystidia 30-83 µ long	*C. albissimus*
17. Pileus attached to a rhizomorphic strand; pileocystidia present	*C. rhizomorphus*
17. Pileus lacking a rhizomorphic strand; pileocystidia none	*C. albidus*

*See Excluded Species

Section Dochmiopus

Spores 6 (6.5) µ or less in length.

TYPE SPECIES: Crepidotus variabilis (Fr.) Kummer var. variabilis.

1. Pileus white, pubescent, villose, or fibrillose	2
1. Pileus colored	4
2. Spores 2.5-3.5 (4) µ broad	3
2. Spores 4-5.5 µ broad	*C. subsphaerosporus*
3. Cheilocystidia 5-8 µ or more in diameter, clavate, ventricose	*C. variabilis* var. *variabilis*
3. Cheilocystidia 1.5-3 (5) µ broad, filamentous, often flexuous or branched	*C. variabilis* var. *trichocystis*
4. Pileus pale cinnamon	*C. cinnamomeus*
4. Pileus and gills yellowish	5
5. Pileus lemon yellow; cuticle of 9-12 hyphae deep, bearing a turf of long (up to 1000 µ) hyphae and some pileocystidia	*C. subcroceitinctus*
5. Pileus orange-buff or warm-buff, margin tawny or yellow ocher; cuticle of one or two layers, turf of short hyphae	*C. croceitinctus*

Section Crepidotellae sec. nov.

Pileus albus vel pallide coloratus (cinereus, flavidus vel coriaceus); sporae ellipsoideae demum ovoideae, asperae, plerumque 6.5 µ vel etiam longiores.

Pileus white, or pale colored (grayish, yellowish, or buff). Spores ellipsoid to ovoid, rough, typically 6.5 µ or more in length.

TYPE SPECIES: Crepidotus submollis Murr.

1. Pileus at first white, at times becoming colored in age	2
1. Pileus at first colored (yellow, buff, pale clay)	23
2. Epicuticular hyphae of the pileus, or some of them, crooked and coiled	3
2. Epicuticular hyphae, if any, straight	11
3. Spores 5.5-8 µ long	4
3. Spores (7.5) 8-12 µ long	7
4. Cheilocystidia conspicuously contorted, forked or branched	5
4. Cheilocystidia regular in form, or at most, slightly knobbed or flexuous (clavate, cylindric, ventricose)	6
5. Spores ellipsoid, or subovoid, (4) 4.5-5.5 µ broad	*C. ellipsoideus*
5. Spores short, broadly ellipsoid or subglobose, (5.5) 6-7 µ broad	*C. sphaerosporus*
6. Cheilocystidia lageniform, large, 48-64 x 7-13 µ	*C. lagenicystis*
6. Cheilocystidia cylindric, clavate, ventricose, not lageniform	*C. regularis*
7. Cheilocystidia contorted	*C. furcatus*
7. Cheilocystidia regular in shape, or somewhat flexuous	8
8. Pileus pure white, unchanging in age or when dried; spores 7-11(12) x 4-4.5 µ	*C. eburneus*
8. Pileus darkening in age or when dried	9
9. Spores 8-12 (12.5) x 6-7 µ	*C. montanensis*
9. Spores 7-9.5 x 4.5-5.5 µ	10
10. Lamellae becoming pinkish	*C. epibryus*
10. Lamellae yellow-ocher	*C. subluteus*
11. Spores 5.5-7 (8) µ long	12
11. Spores (7.5) 8-13 µ long	15
12. Cheilocystidia conspicuously contorted	13
12. Cheilocystidia regular in shape	14
13. Pileus surface long-woolly	*C. lanuginosus*
13. Pileus villose, not woolly	*C. villosus*
14. Spores short, relatively broad-ellipsoid; lamellae white then pinkish	*C. subsphaerosporus*
14. Spores short, relatively broad-ellipsoid; lamellae white then pinkish	*C. vulgaris*
15. Cuticle a conspicuous gelatinous zone	*C. alnicola*
15. Cuticle not gelatinous	16
16. Cheilocystidia contorted	17
16. Cheilocystidia regular in shape	18
17. Spores 4.5-5.5 µ broad; pileus margin typical sulcate-plicate	*C. submollis*
17. Spores 5.5-7 (7.5) µ broad; pileus at times bilobed at the base	*C. cesatii*
18. Spores punctate	*C. amygdalosporus*
18. Spores wrinkled-verrucose	19
19. Lamellae at first grayish; pileus pale watery grayish, glabrous	*C. cinereipallens*
19. Lamellae at first white; pileus not gray	20
20. Lamellae becoming brownish	21
20. Lamellae assuming distinct pink tints	22
21. Cheilocystidia 24-38 x 4-8 µ and clavate, cylindric, ventricose; or napiform, spherical, to broadly clavate, 33-55 x 10-28 µ	*C. obscurus*
21. Cheilocystidia long, slender ventricose with a neck or slender bottle-shaped, 35-70 x 5-8 µ	*C. subverrucisporus* var. *subverrucisporus*
22. Spores 7-9 (10) x 4-6 (7) µ	*C. subverrucisporus* var. *roseifolius*
22. Spores (7.5) 8-13 x 4.5-5.5 µ	*C. subverrucisporus* var. *megalosporus*
23. Epicuticular hyphae crooked and coiled	24
23. Epicuticular hyphae straight	25
24. Spores 6-8 µ long	*C. circinatus*
24. Spores 7.5-10 µ long	*C. helicus*
25. Spores 7-9 (10) µ long	*C. milleri*
25. Spores (5.5) 6-8 µ long	26
26. Cheilocystidia contorted	*C. ramosus*
26. Cheilocystidia regular in form	27
27. Gill-edges and cheilocystidia gelatinous	*C. mucidifolius*
27. Gill-edges and cheilocystidia not gelatinous	28
28. Pileus margin incurved, fimbriate	*C. fimbriatus*
28. Pileus margin not fimbriate	29
29. Spores ellipsoid, 6-8 µ long	*C. pallidoluteus*
29. Spores ovoid, 5.5-7 (7.5) µ long	30
30. Cuticle of one or two layers of repent hyphae, bearing a turf of short hyphae; pileus buff	*C. croceitinctus*
30. Cuticle 9-12 hyphae deep, bearing a turf of very long hyphae; pileus lemon yellow	*C. subcroceitinctus*